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Deposition of Inhaled Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract and Consequences for Regional Targeting in Respiratory Drug Delivery

GSF–National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Joachim Heyder, GSF–National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, D–85758 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany. E-mail: joachim.heyder{at}gsf.de

Particle behavior in the human respiratory tract is well understood and can be used to (1) estimate particle deposition in all regions of the respiratory tract for any aerosol respired at any pattern, and (2) optimize targeting of all regions of the respiratory tract in respiratory drug delivery. Extrathoracic and alveolar regions can effectively be targeted with mono- and polydisperse aerosols respired steadily. Effective targeting of the bronchial region can only be achieved with bolus inhalations. When particles are suspended in a gas heavier than air, targeting the alveolar region can be enhanced.

Key Words: inhaled particles • lung regions • deposition mechanisms • targeting • drug delivery

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