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Innate Immune Control of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Trafficking

¹ Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; ² Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Donald N. Cook, Ph.D., Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Building 101, E244, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. E-mail cookd{at}niehs.nih.gov

ABSTRACT

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are essential for initiating adaptive immune responses. Residing within the airway mucosa, pulmonary DC continually sample the antigenic content of inhaled air and migrate to draining lymph nodes, where they present these antigens to naive T cells. The migratory patterns of pulmonary DC are highly dependent upon inflammatory conditions in the lung. Under steady-state, or non-inflammatory, conditions, pulmonary DC undergo slow but constitutive migration to draining lymph nodes, where they remain for several days and confer antigen-specific tolerance. With the onset of pulmonary inflammation, airway DC trafficking increases dramatically, and these cells rapidly accumulate within draining lymph nodes. However, within a few days, the number of airway-derived DC in lymph nodes stabilizes or declines, even in the face of ongoing pulmonary inflammation. Here, we summarize current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pulmonary DC trafficking to the lymph node and the recruitment of DC precurors to the lung. It is hoped that an improved understanding of these mechanisms will lead to novel DC-mediated therapeutic strategies to treat immune-related pulmonary disease.

Key Words: lung • dendritic cells • lymph nodes

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