HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Related articles in Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sagel, S. D. Articles by Konstan, M. W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Sagel, S. D. Articles by Konstan, M. W.

Sputum Biomarkers of Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease

¹ Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; and ² Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Scott Sagel, M.D., The Children's Hospital, 1056 East 19th Avenue, Box B-395, Denver, CO 80218. E-mail: sagel.scott{at}tchden.org

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary biomarkers are being used more frequently to monitor disease activity and evaluate response to treatment in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). This article summarizes the current state of knowledge of biomarkers of inflammation relevant to CF lung disease, and the tools to measure inflammation, with specific emphasis on sputum. Sputum is a rich, noninvasive source of biomarkers of inflammation and infection. Sputum induction, through the inhalation of hypertonic saline, has expanded the possibilities for monitoring airway inflammation and infection, especially in individuals who do not routinely expectorate sputum. We critically examine the existing data supporting the validity of sputum biomarkers in CF, with an eye toward their application as surrogate endpoints or outcome measures in CF clinical trials. Further validation studies are needed regarding the variability of inflammatory biomarker measurements, and to evaluate how these biomarkers relate to disease severity, and to longitudinal changes in lung function and other clinical endpoints. We highlight the need to incorporate sputum collection, by induction if necessary, and measurement of sputum biomarkers into routine CF clinical care. In the future, pulmonary biomarkers will likely be useful in predicting disease progression, indicating the onset and resolution of a pulmonary exacerbation, and assessing response to current therapies or candidate therapeutics.

Key Words: cystic fibrosis • lung disease • biomarkers • inflammation • sputum

Related articles in Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society:

Advancing Outcome Measures for the New Era of Drug Development in Cystic Fibrosis

Nicole Mayer-Hamblett, Bonnie W. Ramsey, and Richard A. Kronmal
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2007 4: 370-377. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Stephanie D. Davis, Alan S. Brody, Mary J. Emond, Lyndia C. Brumback, and Margaret Rosenfeld
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2007 4: 418-430. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. E. Gerszten, F. Accurso, G. R. Bernard, R. M. Caprioli, E. W. Klee, G. G. Klee, I. Kullo, T. A. Laguna, F. P. Roth, M. Sabatine, et al. Challenges in translating plasma proteomics from bench to bedside: update from the NHLBI Clinical Proteomics Programs Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L16 - L22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Tirouvanziam, Y. Gernez, C. K. Conrad, R. B. Moss, I. Schrijver, C. E. Dunn, Z. A. Davies, L. A. Herzenberg, and L. A. Herzenberg Profound functional and signaling changes in viable inflammatory neutrophils homing to cystic fibrosis airways PNAS, March 18, 2008; 105(11): 4335 - 4339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Mussaffi, E. M. Fireman, M. Mei-Zahav, D. Prais, and H. Blau Induced Sputum in the Very Young: A New Key to Infection and Inflammation Chest, January 1, 2008; 133(1): 176 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]