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© 2007 The American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1513/pats.200701-004FM
Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What We Know and What We Don't Know (but Should)
1 Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Fundacio Caubet-Cimera Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain
Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Alvar Agustí, Servei Pneumología. Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain. E-mail: aagusti{at}hsd.es
ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with pulmonary and systemic inflammation. The latter is likely to contribute significantly to the pathobiology of numerous extrapulmonary effects of the disease—the so-called systemic effects of COPD. The clinical relevance of these systemic effects has been recently recognized; however, many important questions about its pathophysiology remain unanswered. This article reviews what is known about it and, more importantly, highlights what is not (but should be) known in order to stimulate research in this area, in the hope that a better understanding of this field may lead to better treatment options for patients with COPD.
Key Words: chronic bronchitis • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • emphysema • inflammation
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