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Resident Cellular Components of the Human Lung

Current Knowledge and Goals for Research on Cell Phenotyping and Function

¹ Pulmonary and Mediastinal Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC; ² Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; ³ Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; ⁴ Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ⁵ Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; ⁶ Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; ⁷ Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ⁸ Genetic Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; ⁹ Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; ¹⁰ Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; ¹¹ Developmental Lung Biology Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, Colorado; ¹² Pulmonary and Critical Care, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; ¹³ Medicine, National Jewish Medical Research Center, Denver, Colorado; ¹⁴ Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ¹⁵ Cystic Fibrosis/ Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ¹⁶ Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; ¹⁷ Lung Biology, University of Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; ¹⁸ Epithelial Biology, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; ¹⁹ Pathology and ²⁰ Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; ²¹ Vertebrate Organogenesis, Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; ²² Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and ²³ Pulmonary Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Herbert Y. Reynolds, M.D., DLD, NHLBI, Two Rockledge Center, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7952. E-mail: reynoldh{at}nhlbi.nih.gov

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the workshop was to identify still obscure or novel cellular components of the lung, to determine cell function in lung development and in health that impacts on disease, and to decide promising avenues for future research to extract and phenotype these cells. Since robust technologies are now available to identify, sort, purify, culture, and phenotype cells, progress is now within sight to unravel the origins and functional capabilities of lung cells in developmental stages and in disease. The Workshop's agenda was to first discuss the lung's embryologic development, including progenitor and stem cells, and then assess the functional and structural cells in three main compartments of the lung: (1) airway cells in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and bronchial glands (basal, secretory, ciliated, Clara, and neuroendocrine cells); (2) alveolar unit cells (Type 1 cells, Type 2 cells, and fibroblasts in the interstitium); and (3) pulmonary vascular cells (endothelial cells from different vascular structures, smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts). The main recommendations were to: (1) characterize with better cell markers, both surface and nonsurface, the various cells within the lung, including progenitor cells and stem cells; (2) obtain more knowledge about gene expression in specific cell types in health and disease, which will provide insights into biological and pathologic processes; (3) develop more methodologies for cell culture, isolation, sorting, co-culture, and immortalization; and (4) promote tissue banks to facilitate the procurement of tissue from normal and from diseased lung for analysis at all levels.

Key Words: novel cells • cell markers • culture methods • progenitor or stem cells

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