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Lung Vascular Cell Heterogeneity

Endothelium, Smooth Muscle, and Fibroblasts

¹ Center for Lung Biology, and ² Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; ³ Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ⁴ Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver Colorado; ⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; ⁶ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and ⁷ Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Troy Stevens, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, and Director, Center for Lung Biology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688. E-mail: tstevens{at}jaguar1.usouthal.edu

ABSTRACT

The pulmonary circulation represents a unique vascular bed, receiving 100% of the cardiac output while maintaining low blood pressure. Multiple different cell types, including endothelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts, contribute to normal vascular function, and to the vascular response to injury. Our understanding of the basic cell biology of these various cell types, and the roles they play in vascular homeostasis and disease, remains quite limited despite several decades of study. Recent advances in approaches that enable the mapping of cell origin and the study of the molecular basis of structure and function have resulted in a rapid accumulation of new information that is essential to vascular biology. A recent National Institutes of Health workshop was held to discuss emerging concepts in lung vascular biology. The findings of this workshop are summarized in this article.

Key Words: pulmonary circulation • progenitor cells • proliferation • apoptosis • permeability

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