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Nonmedical Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and ² Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Fernando J. Martinez, M.D., M.S., Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 3916 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0360. E-mail: fmartine{at}med.umich.edu

ABSTRACT

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a category of diseases with chronic airflow obstruction and hyperinflation. The GOLD committee and the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society have published detailed, evidence-based reviews of management, providing stepped-care algorithms for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. Over the past several decades, this has led to numerous nonpharmacologic approaches to ameliorate symptoms in these patients.

Key Words: COPD • LVRS • lung transplantation • emphysema