Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
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The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 6:588-595 (2009)
© 2009 The American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1513/pats.200904-020RM
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Hormonal Influences on Lung Function and Response to Environmental Agents

Lessons from Animal Models of Respiratory Disease

Jeffrey W. Card1 and Darryl C. Zeldin2

1 Ashuren Health Sciences, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; and 2 Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Darryl C. Zeldin, M.D., NIH/NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Building 101, Room A222, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. E-mail: zeldin{at}niehs.nih.gov

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies in humans and experimental animals have identified considerable sex differences in respiratory physiology and in the response of the lung to environmental agents. These differences appear to be mediated, at least in part, by sex hormones and their nuclear receptors. Moreover, animal models are increasingly used to study pathogenic mechanisms and test potential therapies for a variety of human lung diseases, many of which appear to be influenced by sex and sex hormones. In this article, data are summarized from studies of lung function and disease in which sex differences have been observed. Specific attention is paid to animal models of acute lung injury, nonallergic and allergic lung inflammation, and lung fibrosis. It is anticipated that continued investigation of the role of sex and sex hormones in animal models will provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis and potential treatments for a variety of acute and chronic human lung diseases.

Key Words: sex • sex hormones • respiratory mechanics • inflammation • airway






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